Westminster School named a house after him as recognition of achievement of an Old Westminster. He held this position until his death, and resided in Wetheringsett through the 1590s and frequently thereafter. The glory of God by planting of religion among those infidels. Why European States Wanted to Colonize the World? Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. Hakluyt's other works synthesized information providing maps and documents that allowed for many others to obtain vital information. Though he never personally took part in any expeditions, Richard Hakluyt greatly advanced the cause of English exploration in North America.One of England's first geographers, he collected and disseminated information, and promoted the colonization efforts of Sir Walter Raleigh (1554-1618) and others. c. 1552-1616. Without his urging, the English might have been content to rest in their foggy off-shore island while the Spaniards and Portuguese divided the world between them. 12 (11thed.). Like so many young people, Richard had his own interests. Richard Hakluyt used this document to persuade Queen Elizabeth I to devote more money and energy into encouraging English colonization. .
It contains thousands of paper examples on a wide variety of topics, all donated by helpful students. Richard Hakluyt of Oxford . Richard Hakluyt, (born c. 1552, London?died November 23, 1616, England), English geographer noted for his political influence, his voluminous writings, and his persistent promotion of Elizabethan overseas expansion, especially the colonization of North America. IV of, It has been claimed that the Hakluyts were given "Eaton Hall" (Yatton?)
DOC Reasons for Colonization - Mr. Harris Primary Source: Richard Hakluyt Makes the Case for English Colonization He has recently obtained a PhD in contemporary European history. Richard Hakluyt (1552-1616) No account of Elizabethan exploration is complete without mentioning Hakluyt. For the full article, see Richard Hakluyt . The two would later co-operate to convince the English crown to invest in overseas ventures. In the licence of Hakluyt's second marriage dated 30 March 1604, he is described as one of the chaplains of the Savoy Hospital; this position was also conferred on him by Cecil. Hakluyt was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. England was in an economic depression and was nervous about the growing power of Spain obtaining vast amounts of wealth from their spoils of the New World. Richard Hakluyt, frequently referred to as Richard Hakluyt the Younger to differentiate him from his older cousin who was also named Richard Hakluyt, was a 16th-century English geographer and minister. Reality, Team Leader: Exploiting New Opportunities, Studies of History of Indigenous People in Canada, Native American Studies in "We Shall Remain" Series, Native American Population and Federal Policies, Native American's Journal Entries in 1875-1934. April 8, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. Criminals will be effectively used in farms and industries to offer free labor. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. How does Hakluyt justify British claims to territorial possession in the Western Hemisphere?
Why did Richard Hakluyt support English colonization? About this time he married Duglesse Cavendish, a relative of Thomas Cavendish, the circumnavigator, and was appointed to the parish of Wetheringsett in Suffolk. Hakluyt's cousin, also named Richard Hakluyt, of the Middle Temple, became his guardian. Richard Hakluyt was one of the first to write about the exploration of the Americas in English. April 8, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. All rights reserved. [14], Hakluyt died on 23 November 1616, probably in London, and was buried on 26 November in Westminster Abbey;[5][27] by an error in the abbey register his burial is recorded under the year 1626. 8". That the mischiefs that the Indian Treasure wrought in time of Charles the late Emperor father to the Spanish king, is to be had in consideracion of the Queens most excellent Majesty, least the continually coming of the like treasure from thence to his son, work the unrecoverable annoyance of this Realm, whereof already we have had very dangerous experience. Therefore, the natives and Indians are mere tools, passive objects, or pawns constructed to be used and manipulated via protestant religions in order to serve the interests of the English people. A particular discourse concerning the great necessity and manifold commodities that are like to grow to this Realm of England by the Western discoveries lately attempted, Written In the year 1584 by Richard Hakluyt of Oxford at the request and direction of the right worshipful Mr. Walter Raleigh now Knight, before the coming home of his Two Barks: and is divided into xxi chapters, the Titles whereof follow in the next leaf. 10 Richard Hakluyt, ne third voyage . "[11] Hakluyt held on to his studentship at Christ Church between 1577 and 1586, although after 1583 he was no longer resident in Oxford. [24] Helen Thornton has suggested that the translation was commissioned by Thomas Smythe who became treasurer of the Virginia Company in 1609 and was also Governor of the East India Company. Richard Hakluyt, a remarkable clergyman-scholar-geographer who lies buried in Westminster Abby, deserves high rank among the indirect founding fathers of the United States. Hakluyt revisited England in 1584, and laid a copy of the Discourse before Elizabeth I (to whom it had been dedicated) together with his analysis in Latin of Aristotle's Politicks. A prominent English attorney and his younger cousin, both named Richard Hakluyt, urged the English government to begin settlements in lands claimed nearly a century earlier by John and Sebastian Cabot who explored North America for King Henry VII of England. professional specifically for you? Some time before 1580 he took holy orders, and, though he never shirked his religious duties, he spent considerable time reading whatever accounts he could find about contemporary voyages and discoveries. She is also a writer of historical fiction. Was it the description of the place that made you wonder what it was like there? 8 April. His knowledge kept England abreast of events and journeys being undertaken by other foreign powers. In addition, the indigenous people, including Indians, are mere tools that serve the interests of the English people. That the Spaniards have executed most outrageous and more than Turkish cruelties in all the west Indies, whereby they are everywhere there, become most odious unto them, who would join with us or any other most willingly to shake of their most intolerable yoke, and have begun to do it already in diverse places where they were Lords heretofore. "English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View." [32], The Hakluyt Society was founded in 1846 for printing rare and unpublished accounts of voyages and travels, and continues to publish volumes each year. This implies that they are used to advance the ideals of the English population. As Hakluyt points out, the desire for peace, change, stability, and economic wellness of England is the driving force for robust territorial possession. Between 1598 and 1600 appeared the final, reconstructed and greatly enlarged edition of The Principal Navigations, Voiages, Traffiques and Discoueries of the English Nation in three volumes. An ordained priest, Hakluyt held important positions at Bristol Cathedral and Westminster Abbey and was personal chaplain to Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, principal Secretary of State to Elizabeth I and James I. In addition, read about his work on Atlantic voyages and discovery. Shortly before its completion, he was granted by the queen the next vacant prebend at Westminster so that he might be at hand to advise on colonial affairs. Under the reference "Bib. English Geographer. This was presented to Queen Elizabeth I, who rewarded Hakluyt with a prebend (ecclesiastical post) at Bristol Cathedral but took no steps to help Raleigh. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - ETTC. The conception of race depicted by Hakluyt emanates from specific circumstances, including the institution of slavery, among other historical parameters.
New World Exploration and English Ambition - PBS IvyPanda. Among them were Humphrey Gilbert, an explorer and businessman; Gilbert's half-brother, Walter Raleigh (1552-1618); and writer and geographer Richard Hakluyt (1552-1616). Hakluyt's friend Alexander Woodson had sent the foot-and-half-long tusk to Hakluyt from his home in Bristol, about one hundred miles west of London.
Richard Hakluyt summary | Britannica However, Hakluyt argues that this type of colonization is not acceptable, legal, or moral.
2. Colliding Cultures | THE AMERICAN YAWP That speedy planting in diverse fit places is most necessary upon these lucky western discoveries for fear of the danger of being prevented by other nations which have the like intentions, with the order thereof and other reasons therewithal alleged. [book review]", "History and Objectives of the Hakluyt Society", "Virgin territories [review of Peter C. Mancall's, "America's debt to a forgotten hero: As the 400th anniversary of Jamestown nears, its spiritual father is being unjustly ignored", "Your letters: Hakluyt has not been forgotten", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Hakluyt&oldid=1147310286, People educated at Westminster School, London, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, "Richard Hakluyt," 13 in pt. Hakluyt gave public lectureshe is regarded as the first professor of modern geography at Oxfordand was the first to display. In 1589 he published the first edition of his chief work, The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation, using eyewitness accounts as far as possible. What arguments does Hakluyt present in making a case for colonization?
Hakluyt's Promise: An Elizabethan's Obsession for an English - JSTOR The Discourse on the Western Planting | work by Hakluyt His will refers to chambers occupied by him there up to the time of his death, and in another official document he is styled Doctor of Divinity (D.D.). Slavery and Freedom: The American Paradox, Europeans and Natives in British and Spanish America, The Hemispheres Adaptability to Function Independently, Solar System Colonization in Science Fiction vs. Updates? He also published numerous geographical works describing North America and early English exploration of the New World. That the Queen of England title to all the west Indies, or at the least to as much as is from Florida to the Circle arctic, is more lawful and right then the Spaniards or any other Christian Princes. Records also show that a Thomas Hakeluytt was in the wardship of Henry VIII (reigned 15091547) and Edward VI (reigned 15471553). Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. A clergyman, he gave public lectures and became the first professor of modern geography at the University of Oxford. The Hakluyt Society, which publishes scholarly editions of primary records of voyages and travels, was named after him in its 1846 formation.
Richard Hakluyt - Wikipedia [10], In the late 1590s Hakluyt became the client and personal chaplain of Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, Lord Burghley's son, who was to be Hakluyt's most fruitful patron. "Hakluyt, Richard". He also became a minister in the Church of England. Hence, religion is a careful strategy aimed at providing compassion and hope for the poor natives and the low-class English population while punishing the wicked through doctrinal or religious teachings. "[3] Some of Hakluyt's ancestors established themselves at Yatton in Herefordshire,[4][5][6] and must have ranked amongst the principal landowners of the county. Readers loved these accounts, and Hakluyt's work helped to promote interest in England's colonization, or settlement, of North America. An edition was published by the Hakluyt Society in the 19th century as, Charter of the Virginia Company of London, Vice-Admiral Bethune (Charles Ramsay Drinkwater Bethune), "The Free Sea.
Overview of English Exploration | Encyclopedia.com Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. He supported English colonization for the better part of his life, at least from 1580 until his death. List his reasons for supporting colonization. Hakluyt returned to London in 1588. with the order thereof and other reasons therewithal alleged.
Charter to Sir Walter Raleigh | Encyclopedia.com Money needed to come from private investment. Kathleen Halecki possesses a B.A. Knowing so many languages helped him to read all types of works that recorded the adventures of travelers. That this action will be greatly for the increase, maintenance and safety of our Navy, and especially of great shipping which is the strength of our Realm, and for the supportation of all those occupations that depend upon the same. 828829. Hakluyt living during an interesting period in history called the Age of Exploration or sometimes the Age of Discovery. He also remarked that it would greatly annoy the Spanish king that England was encroaching upon land that Spain wanted for itself. A note of some things to be prepared for the voyage which is set down rather to draw the takers of the voyage in hande to the present consideration then for any other reason for that diverse things require preparation long before the voyage, without which the voyage is maimed. [17] This work contains an exceedingly-rare copperplate map dedicated to Hakluyt and signed F.G. (supposed to be Francis Gualle); it is the first on which the name "Virginia" appears.[14]. That the Queen of England title to all the west Indies, or at the least to as much as is from Florida to the Circle arctic, is more lawful and right then the Spaniards or any other Christian Princes. Librarian and Map Curator, Royal Geographical Society, London, 194566. [18], On 20 April 1590 Hakluyt was instituted to the clergy house of Wetheringsett-cum-Brockford, Suffolk, by Lady Stafford, who was the Dowager Baroness Sheffield. 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I feel like its a lifeline. . What made them exciting? It has been asserted that the income of the East India Company was increased by 20,000 through a study of Hakluyts Voyages. Hakluyt also saw a future for England in the creation of rich towns, and believed that travel across the ocean would come easily with speedy communication between England and her colonies. That the limits of the king of Spains dominions in the West Indies be nothing so large as is generally imagined and surmised, neither those parts which he holdeth be of any such forces as is falsely given out by the popish Clergy and others his suitors, to terrify the Princes of the Religion and to abuse and blind them. This will ensure the distribution of people, thereby reducing overpopulation and its subsequent effects. At the age of 30, being acquainted with "the chiefest captaines at sea, the greatest merchants, and the best mariners of our nation,"[11] he was selected as chaplain and secretary to accompany Stafford, now English ambassador at the French court, to Paris in 1583. [24], In 1591, Hakluyt inherited family property upon the death of his elder brother Thomas; a year later, upon the death of his youngest brother Edmund, he inherited additional property which derived from his uncle. Richard Hakluyt, Reasons For Colonization, 1585 - Read more about rivers, commodities, vent, sundry, thence and hakluyt. In spirit, it was a continuation of Hakluyts own work, and the two editors probably became acquainted. When Richard Hakluyt was forty years old, he sat one day in his study in London with a walrus tusk in his hands. He thus embarked upon his career as a publicist and a counsellor for present and future national enterprises across the ocean. His policy, constantly expounded, was the exploration of temperate North America in conjunction with the search for the Northwest Passage, the establishment of Englands claim to possession based on the discovery of North America by John and Sebastian Cabot, and the foundation of a plantation to foster national trade and national well-being. The latter will, in turn, reinvigorate industrial growth and the creation of new job opportunities. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Cecil, who was the principal Secretary of State to Elizabeth I and James I, rewarded him by installing him as prebendary of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster on 4 May 1602. Copyright 2023 - IvyPanda is operated by, English Colonization of America in Hakluyts View, Period of the Indians Discovery by Christopher Columbus, Irish in Hakluyt's "Discourse of Western Planting". That the Spaniards have executed most outrageous and more than Turkish cruelties in all the west Indies, whereby they are everywhere there, become most odious unto them, who would join with us or any other most willingly to shake of their most intolerable yoke, and have begun to do it already in diverse places where they were Lords heretofore. The possibility of the enlarging of the dominions of the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty, and consequently of her honour, revenues, and of her power by this enterprise. English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View. In 1612 Hakluyt became a charter member of the North-west Passage Company. The pension would have lapsed in 1583, but William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, intervened to have it extended until 1586 to aid Hakluyt's geographical research.[10]. Retrieved from https://ivypanda.com/essays/english-colonization-of-america-in-hakluyts-view/. Create your account. That this action will be greatly for the increase, maintenance and safety of our Navy, and especially of great shipping which is the strength of our Realm, and for the supportation of all those occupations that depend upon the same.
History Unit 2 Assignment 5-Richard Hakluyt "A Discousre to - Quizlet That all other English trades are grown beggerly or dangerous, especially in all the king of Spain his Dominions, where our men are driven to fling their Bibles and prayer Books into the sea, and to forswear and renounce their religion and conscience and consequently their obedience to her Majestie. Besides, the occupation of key ports will enhance commercial activities since England will charge duties and control high-traffic regions. Hakluyt understood that in order for England to be successful and remain powerful, they would need to find new markets in which to trade goods. The private character of the memorial, which was not to be seen by the general eye, permitted Hakluyt to state freely the case for a colonial policy. In a number of popular pamphlets they made the . The possibility of the enlarging of the dominions of the Queens Most Excellent Majesty, and consequently of her honour, revenues, and of her power by this enterprise. The year was 1591 or 1592. Richard Hakluyt lived at the time when the first phase of the Age of Discovery, during which mainly Southern Europeans attempted to discover a new route from Europe to Asia, was coming to an end and the era of Northern European exploration began. The increase of the force of the Christians. Some of the gentlemen of her court wished to pursue opportunities to colonize, and Hakluyt wrote Discourse on Western Planting to encourage her to lend her support to men such as Sir Walter Raleigh. That this enterprise will be for the manifold employment of numbers of idle men, and for breeding of many sufficient, and for utterance of the great quantity of the commodities of our Realm. . He spoke possibly four languages (including Greek, Latin, French and Italian), and his love of geography, many scholars say, was influenced by a large map he saw as a child. He was the first to show "both the old imperfectly composed and the new lately reformed mappes, globes, spheares, and other instruments of this art.
Richard Hakluyt | Encyclopedia.com How did Richard Hakluyt contribute to English history? In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas.
on 27 June 1577,[5][10] began giving public lectures in geography. . While at one point he petitioned for and received a grant to travel to America he did not, in the . This book describes in detail the life and times of Hakluyt, a trained minister who . . He also mentioned that ''this enterprise will be for the manifold employment of numbers of idle men'', which would bring great relief to those who without work. [10] By the time of his death, he had amassed a small fortune out of his various emoluments and preferments, of which the last was the clergy house of Gedney, Lincolnshire, presented to him by his younger brother Oliver in 1612. "English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View." Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. His books encouraged those living in England to begin to prepare to settle in North America and found colonies that later become the basis for the future United States. [5] A few copies of this monumental work contain a map of great rarity, the first on the Mercator projection made in England according to the true principles laid down by Edward Wright. He presented his Discourse of Western Planting to Queen Elizabeth I in manuscript, but it was not actually printed until almost three hundred years later.
That this western discoverie will be greatly for the enlargement of the gospel of Christ whereunto the Princes of the reformed religion are chiefly bound amongst whom her Majestie is principally. 3. Hakluyt's patrilineal ancestors were of Welsh extraction, rather than Dutch as is often suggested;[2] they appear to have settled in Herefordshire in England around the 13th century, and, according to antiquary John Leland, took their surname from the "Forest of Cluid in Radnorland. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. [14] A number of his manuscripts, sufficient to form a fourth volume of his collections of 15981600, fell into the hands of Samuel Purchas, who inserted them in an abridged form in his Pilgrimes (16251626). "English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View." In twenty-one chapters, summarized here, Hakluyt emphasized the many benefits that England would receive by creating colonies in the Americas. (2021) 'English Colonization of America in Hakluyt's View'. Hakluyt's Benefits of Colonization. Have you ever read travel books that made you want to explore a brand new place or even go to another planet? Though Hakluyt neglected to mention its origin, the . Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [10] In 1599, he became an adviser to the newly-founded East India Company, and in 1601 he edited a translation from the Portuguese of Antonio Galvo's The Discoveries of the World. This was the time when English attention was fixed on finding the northeast and northwest passages to the Orient and on Francis Drakes circumnavigation of the world. Missionaries, most of whom were members of the Franciscan religious order, provided Spain with an advance guard in North America. Vol. IvyPanda. An answer to the Bull of the Donation of all the west Indies granted to the kings of Spain by Pope Alexander the VI who was himself a Spaniard borne. If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. [25] The translation may also have been part of the propaganda encouraging English people to settle in Virginia. In essence, he argues that both the economic and social ambitions of England can be pursued via religious strategies. Hakluyt the Elder was a supporter of English participation in the exploration of America. These views are first set out in the preface he wrote to John Florios translation of an account of Jacques Cartiers voyage to Canada, which he induced Florio to undertake, and are further developed in his first important work, Divers Voyages Touching the Discouerie of America (1582). As he writes in the Epistle Dedicatorie to The Principall Navigations, his cousin spoke to him of recent discoveries and of the new opportunities for trade and showed him certeine bookes of Cosmographie, with an universall Mappe. His imagination thus stirred, the schoolboy had thereupon resolved to prosecute that knowledge and kinde of literature at the university. 21 chapters | What type of colonization does Hakluyt imagine occurring? In his publications, Hakluyt mentioned such reasons for the English colonization of America as: Richard Hakluyt (1552?1616) was an English geographer and minister.
Richard Hakluyt | Biography, Significance, & Facts | Britannica Richard Hakluyt was the cousin and ward of another famous Richard Hakluyt, an attorney and early promoter of exploration, a person historians usually describe as "the elder." Mancall refers to him as "the lawyer." With the careful encourage-ment of the lawyer, Mancall's Hakluyt, conventionally known by historians While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. He taught geography, which was his favorite subject. In Paris, Hakluyt also edited an edition of the De Orbe Novo of Pietro Martire dAnghiera so that his countrymen might have knowledge of the early successes and failures of the Spaniards in the New World. IV of, This page was last edited on 30 March 2023, at 03:18. Hakluyt's first publication[13] was one that he wrote himself, Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America and the Ilands Adjacent unto the Same, Made First of all by our Englishmen and Afterwards by the Frenchmen and Britons (1582).