government based on the principle that the people are the ultimate soverign and have the final say over what happens within the state. Do you know how to answer the questions that cause some of the greatest grammar debates? The people living in former Yugoslavia never really achieved a strong sense of Yugoslav nationhood. The term is often used in voting rights law to designate voting districts which are altered under the Voting Rights Act to enable ethnic or language minorities "the opportunity to elect their candidate of choice." . Sovereignty is the internationally recognized exercise of a country's power over its people and territory. Most definitions now tend to refer to a tightly knit group of people possessing bonds of language, ethnicity, religion, and other shared cultural attributes. How do single district benefit minorities? The challengers alleged that the new maps "impaired black citizens' ability to elect representatives of their choice in violation of Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act." What does it mean to be partially or completely covered by Section 5 of the VRA? Where are the lines drawn? - All About Redistricting "The minority group must be able to demonstrate that it is sufficiently large and geographically compact to constitute a majority in a single-member district. Although using the term "correctly" to describe something that intentionally deceives seems wrong in itself. The process by which districts are moved according to population shifts, so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people. AP Human Geography Chapter 8 Vocabulary Flashcards | Quizlet The maps were challenged in United States District Court. 1996 - 2023 NewsHour Productions LLC. Create or preserve minority-majority district: To create a district favoring an ethnic group, or to accommodate surrounding minority-majority districts. ~Serves as a buffer between core and periphery. c. Checks 325 and 327 are outstanding. Example: Saudi Arabia and Yemen, Involves neighbors who differ over the way their borders should function. Imagine the minority-favored candidate can win an election in a district if at least 30 percent of voters are minorities. In 2020, for example, racial minorities won 19 of 20 legislative seats where Black people constitute at least 35% of the voting-age population. The value of drawing district lines to create majority-minority districts is a matter of dispute both within and outside of minority communities. How are the shares of the parent owned by the subsidiary reported at December 31? AP Human Geography Chapter 8 Flashcards | Quizlet 160914066: marginal districts \text{ } & \text{323} & \text{2$/ 12$} & \text{$2,500$}\\ Ethnic nationalism is the result of an ethnic group making tangible efforts to assert its importance and rights. A territory whose geographical boundaries lie entirely within the boundaries of another territory. The first sample was tested using both purposive and accidental ap- proaches; participants were from two areas in Karkh District (Western side of Baghdad), which included two of the main Sunni camps, and from two areas in Rusafa District (Eastern side of Baghdad), which included camps for Shi'a and Christian people. According to Jane Mansbridge, descriptive representation is necessary to improve the likelihood of substantive representation: representatives of different backgrounds are better able to substantially represent minorities.( representatives from different backgrounds are better able to bring minority perspective to policy-making and more likely to share policy-preferences with minority constituents.). Electoral boundary delimitation (or simply boundary delimitation or delimitation) is the drawing of boundaries of electoral precincts and related divisions involved in elections, such as states, counties or other municipalities. Provide either an example or an explanation is the chart below. Example: Palestinians, Kurds, Basque. Because of the 1990 census, what did state legislatures in states either partially or completely covered by section 5 of the VRA, as well as legislatures of states with sufficient minority population to fear Section 2 claim have to do? What effects, if any, do majority-minority districts have on the voters in that district? Increasing competition is one of the goals of Michigans commission, which voters created in 2018 after decades of partisan gerrymandering controlled by Republicans. Examples: USA, Canada, Belgium. Which of the following describe continuous random variables? Policy Research The following guide will be updated periodically with hyperlinks in excellent resources. Dictionary.com Unabridged For Holliers 2nd Senate District, that means some of its Detroit neighborhoods would be grafted on to mostly white districts, and his own seat would stretch across Eight Mile Road, the infamous boundary between Detroit and its first-ring, majority white suburbs. A state that requires a key to get into. Why did legislatures actively begin to try to create Majority-Minority districts? List of majority-minority United States congressional districts Jamie Roe, a GOP consultant tracking the redistricting process, noted Michigan has had two majority-Black congressional districts since at least the 1960s whether drawn by legislators or courts. But time is running short. A majority-minority district is an electoral district, such as a United States congressional district, in which the majority of the constituents in the district are racial or ethnic minorities (as opposed to Non-Hispanic whites in the U.S.). Majority-minority districts may be created to avoid or remedy violations of the Voting Rights Act of 1965's prohibitions on drawing redistricting plans that diminish the ability of a racial or language minority to elect its candidates of choice. AP GOV CONGRESS | CourseNotes Thornburg v. Gingles, a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1986, established a three-part test for proving whether vote dilution in violation of the Voting Rights Act has occurred in a district or districts. A state that has combination locks all over the and. A geopolitical hypothesis, proposed by British geographer Halford Mackinder during the first two decades of the twentieth century, that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain sufficient strength to eventually dominate the world. Legally, a term encompassing all the citizens of a state. In other words, the requirement would give black voters one representative of their choice rather than two. As you are reviewing for this unit, focus on the important concepts! Ballotpedia does not curate or endorse these articles. The study of the "political" organization of the world. The ending cash balance recorded in the bank statement is $13,145. Black, Brown, and White: Differing Views on Redistricting Involve More Racial Gerrymandering US history is filled with examples of voter disenfranchisement. The Atlantic: Is It Time to Rethink Hyper-Minority Districts? The millions of people who were citizens of Yugoslavia never had a Yugoslav nationality; long identifying themselves as Slovenes, Croats, Serbs, or members of other nations or ethnic groups within the state. ~Territories have control over policies and funds. The number of Majority-Minority districts increased with the 1991 redistricting. "Who rules the Heartland commands the World Island" See more. Human/environmental interactions. ~France Check out the AP Human Geography Ultimate Review Packet! Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts, whose administration enacted a law in 1812 defining new state senatorial districts. This represented approximately 32% of the nation's 435 U.S. House districts.[1][2][3][4][5][6]. What did they feel they were responsible for? state with more than one nation within its borders, nation that stretches across borders and across states. ~Assumed a state resembled the life cycle of an organism. Nonetheless, in commpn parlance, nation-state is used as a synonym for country or state. Historically, the majority of students earn the lowest possible score on this exam. Example: Germany taking over France, Temporary periods of stability in how politics are conducted at the global scale. NAFTA-Economic, Control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society. A territory legally attached to another territory with which it is not physically contiguous. Rising Black politicians like Rep. Antonio Delgado and Rep. Joe Neguse represent heavily white areas in New Yorks Hudson River Valley and Boulder, Colorado respectively. The states redraw district lines every 10 years following completion of the United States census. A politically organized territory that is administered by sovereign government and is recognized by a significant portion of the international community. Race is collected through the decennial United States census . OR Black legislators make up less than 10% of state legislators in the U.S., although 14.2% of the population is Black, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures. 1. Is resulting public policy more or less conducive to minority interests? This shows grade level based on the word's complexity. 4. That strategy was reinforced by partisan politics. The interaction (interplay) among geography, power, politics, and international relations. Learn more about Friends of the NewsHour. AP Human Geo - 4.6 Internal Boundaries | Fiveable Popular AP Human Geography sets 1.1, 1.4 introduction to maps Scale of analysis and Regional analysis Geographic Data, Spacial concepts, Human-Environmental interaction FIRST SET OF VOCAB Second set of pop vocab Migration Language Culture Religion 4.1-4.3 Agriculture Copyright 2001-2022 StudyStack LLC. Allows states within the state to determine "moral" laws such as death penalty, access to alcohol, and concealed weapons. majority minority districts definition ap human geography Isgho Votre ducation notre priorit Does the Anti-Gerrymandering Campaign Threaten Minority Voting Rights The "majority votes sufficiently as a bloc to enable itusually to defeat the minority's preferred candidate." \text{Receipts} & \text{$13,900$} & \text{ }\\ Government based on the principal that the people are the ultimate sovereign and have the final say over what happens within the state. answer choices It is united with the rest of the island to form a sovereign nation-state. Examples: Kurds, Palestinians, Basque, Saamis Nation-state A politically organized area in which nation and state occupy the same space. Rebecca Szetela is a lawyer who describes herself as an independent, and a white woman who chairs Michigans new Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission. 1. 160914065: malapportionment: The creation of congressional districts in a state which are of unequal size. AP human geography chapter 8 multiple choice. If done correctly, it can even create a majority for a party that has a small minority. Electoral boundary delimitation - Wikipedia g. Oscar's checking account earns interest based on the average daily balance. By doing this, there would now be two conservative congress-people representing an area that is actually a majority liberal area. Legally, a term encompassing all the citizens of a state. The Advanced Placement Human Geography (APHG) course introduces students to the systematic study of patterns and processes that have shaped human understanding, use, and alteration of Earth's surface. The racial or language minority group "is sufficiently numerous and compact to form a majority in a single-member district." The minority group is "politically cohesive," meaning its members tend to vote similarly. In Wisconsin, Democratic Gov. Some view majority-minority districts as a way to dilute the voting power of minorities and analogous to racial segregation; others favor majority-minority districts as ways to effectively ensure the election of minorities to legislative bodies, including the House of Representatives. The interest payments are due every six months (that is, the interest is compounded semi-annually). What role do local intermediaries play in helping an outsider complete a project. Thank you. Examples: Sweden|Finland, Focus on the legal language of the boundary agreement. majority-minority districts districts in which the majority of residents are part of an ethnic minority gerrymandering the drawing of electoral district lines to the advantage of a party or group boundary vertical plane between states that cuts through the rocks below, and the airspace above the surface geometric boundaries The right of a state to defend sovereign territory against invasion from other states. ~A politically organized territory with a permanent population, a defined territory, and a system of government. Key terms Cases to know Brown v. Such homogeneity actually prevails within very few states. They integrated their population into an ever more cohesive whole. Key points. A state that completely surrounds another state. But Black and Latino Democrats objected to the commissions maps because they would scatter minority voters across several districts. Regional Redistricting and the Supreme Court: The Most Significant Cases \text{Balance on February 28} & \underline{\underline{\$8,100}} & \text{ }\\ Most nations and states aspire to this form, but it is realized almost nowhere. d. An investment balance of$358,000 is eliminated for consolidation purposes. majority minority districts definition ap human geography A country. "Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland." The black, Latino, and Asian representatives mostly were replacing white Democrats, and the increase in minority representation was coming at the expense of electing fewer Democrats. The Best AP Human Geography Review Guide for 2023 | Albert Resources This page is not available in other languages. Examples: Egypt|Sudan, Canada|U.S, Physical-political (Natural-political) Boundary, Political boundary defined and delimited by a prominent physical feature in the natural landscape, such as a river or the crest ridges of a mountain range. The bank properly recorded the check for this amount. At the end of the five-year period, Ybarra must pay the bond holders a balloon payment of$200,000. That principle was enshrined in the federal Voting Rights Act, which requires the creation of districts with a majority or plurality of Black or other minority racial or ethnic group voters in places where the white population has a history of preventing them from electing their chosen representatives. During the year, Altgeld reported $415,000 of separate operating income (no subsidiary income was included) and declared dividends of$35,000. ~Netherlands Gerrymandering - The Human Geo Guy In 2021, there were 138 majority-minority districts in the United States House of Representatives in 27 states. Redistricting is the process of enacting new congressional and state legislative district boundaries.. All United States Representatives and state legislators are elected from political divisions called districts. DETROIT (AP) Adam Hollier is a lieutenant in the Army Reserves, a paratrooper, Detroit native, a Democrat and a Black man. That critical mass of Black voters, Hollier argues, ensures he has a chance to be elected and give voice to people who have long been ignored by the political system. The fight is complicated and wonky like most surrounding the once-a-decade redistricting process. What does Majority-Minority Politics Look Like. An investment balance of$378,000 is eliminated for consolidation purposes. It is also the only Democratic-held district in the state. if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; Communications: Alison Graves Carley Allensworth Abigail Campbell Sarah Groat Erica Shumaker Caitlin Vanden Boom Create or preserve minority-majority district: To create a district favoring an ethnic group, or to accommodate surrounding minority-majority districts. Lesson Plan: The Battle for Votes: Gerrymandering California's 17th represented by Indian-American Ro Khanna and Hawaii's 1st represented by non-Asian Ed Case. Click here to contact us for media inquiries, and please donate here to support our continued expansion. \text{Disbursements} & \underline{(12,600)} & \text{ }\\ Teoretically, a recognized member of the modern state system possesing formal sovereignty and occupied by a people who see themselves as a single, united nation. I got a 100/100 on this set. ~Capital city serves as focus of power. 2. AP Human Geography Political Unit Flashcards - Cram.com This was not true of the past. What do Majority-Minority districts assure? Shaw v. Reno (1993) (article) | Khan Academy On November I, 2018, Ybarra Construction Company issued $200,000 of 5-year bonds that pay interest at an annual rate of 5%. Vertical plane between states that cuts through the rocks below, and the airspace above the surface. Ap human geography ch 8 Flashcards | Quizlet \text{ } & \text{Date} & \text{Amount}\\ 2. 2536+5146. Study. AP Human Geo - What do I need to know for AP Human Geo Unit 4 Private colleges and universities report net assets with donor restrictions. Example: Chile and Argentina, Conflict over the location or place of a boundary. were a federal court applying Gingles and other cases). Cash receipts of$1,600 from 2/ 26-2/ 28 are outstanding. Although the total book and fair values of Altgelds net assets amounting to $3.2 million, the price paid for these shares was$340,000. 2536+5146\begin{array}{r} ~Colonialism, An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought, AP Human Geography :Unit 4 (Political Geograp, AP Human Geography Chapter 6 (Religion) Vocab, AP Human Geography- Chapter 11- Agriculture K, Social Psychology and Human Nature chapters 6, Theatre Vocabulary - with Playbill (THEA 1306). This increase is the direct result of the increase in majority-minority districts since passage of the Voting Rights Act in 1965. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/new-maps-spark-debate-over-majority-minority-districts, Biden administration sues Texas over voting restrictions, Census data sets up redistricting fight over growing suburbs, Census shows U.S. is diversifying, white population shrinking, As frustration mounts, a White House push on voting rights, Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission, maps drawn by the Democratic-controlled Legislature. Mackinder further proposed that since Eastern Europe controlled access to the Eurasian . rule by an autonomous pwoer over a subordinate and alien people and place. Gerrymandering | Definition, Litigation, & Facts | Britannica newsletter for analysis you wont find anywhereelse. Movement. Physical regions are features such as deserts, mountains, and lakes. The nine-term African American congressman announced his resignation this month and called the new map racially gerrymandered.. Dr. Giani Clarkson is a national award winning educator. Such homogeneity actually prevails within very few states. But Republicans and others, including the states civil rights director, predict legal troubles ahead. the different types of boundaries including natural/physical, ethnographic/cultural, and geometric; (WITH THE NEXT THREE CARDS), boundaries placed on recognizable physiologic features, boundaries that coincide with differences in ethnicity, political boundaries that are defined and delimited as a straight line or arc, an independent but small and weak country lying between two powerful countries, a sovereign state compromising a city and its immediate hinterland, attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory, the assignment of a commercial value to something previously valueless, a group of states united for a common purpose, the acquisition, by colonized peoples, of control over their own territory, the transfer of certain powers from the state central government to separate political subdivisions within the state's territory, if one country in a region chose or was forced to accept a communist political and economic system, then neighboring countries would be irresistibly susceptible to falling into communism, established by the UNCLS, a zone of exploration extending 200 nautical miles (370 km) seaward from a coastal state that has exclusive mineral and fishing rights over it, the different voting districts that make up local, state, and national regions, a piece of territory surrounded by, but not part of, a country, a piece of national territory separated from the main body of a country by the territory of another country, an economic association established in 1957 by a number of Western European countries to promote free trade among members, an internal organization of a state that allocated most powers to units of local government, a capital city deliberately sited in a state's frontier zone, a zone where no state exercises has complete political control, the branch of political geography treating national power, foreign policy, and international relations as influences by geographic considerations of location space, resources, and demography, to re-draw voting district boundaries in such a way as to give one political party maximum electoral advantage and to reduce that of another party, to fragment voting blocks, or to achieve other non-democratic objectives, a place which no one person or state may own or control and which is central to life, a type of receiving state which is the target of many immigrants, group that includes two or more states seeking political and/or economic cooperation with each other, the military, political, and ideological barrier established between the soviet bloc and Western Europe from 1945-1990, the assertion by the government of a country that has a minority living outside its former borders belonging to it historically and culturally, the ongoing dispute between the Jewish and Arab populations in the former Ottoman Empire region of Palestine, a state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea, a code of the maritime law approved by the UN in 1982 that authorizes, among other provisions, territorial waters expanding 12 nautical miles from shore and 200 mile wide EEZ, in the context of determining representative districts, the process by which a majority of the population is from the minority; less than 50% white in race, involves drawing a line equidistant from the closest mainland points of each of two adjacent countries, an imprecise term for a state or territory small in both population and area, a country without two or more nationalities within its borders, a nation that transcends the borders of two or more states, (North America Free Trade Agreement) an agreement for free trade between the United States, Canada, and Mexico, a culturally distinctive group of people occupying a special territory and bound together by a sense of unity arising from shared ethnicity, beliefs, and customs, the branch of art history which studies the identification, description, and the interpretation of the content of images, a state whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity, a territory of northern Canada including part of the mainland west of the Hudson Bay and north of latitude 60 degrees north, islands in the Hudson Bay, and most of the Arctic Archipelago, a country's larges city most expressive of the national culture and usually (but not always) the capital city as well, process by which representation districts are switched according to population shifts so that each district encompasses approximately the same number of people, a feeling of collective identity based on a population's political territorial identification within a state or across state boundaries, a country which is formally independent, but which is primarily subject to the domination of another, larger power, the concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves, the right of individual states to control political and economic affairs within their territorial boundaries without external interference, a centralized authority that enforces a single political, economic, and legal system within its territorial boundaries, when states willingly relinquish some degree of sovereignty in order to gain the benefits of belonging to a larger political economic entity, disagreement between states over the control of surface area, refers to the shape of a territory; has five types: compact, fragmented, elongated, prorupt, and perforated; (WITH THE NEXT FIVE CARDS), distance from geometric center is similar, long and narrow in shape which makes it difficult to govern, have an area that extends from a more compact core, an individual or group attempt to identify and establish control over a clearly defined territory considered partially or wholly an exclusive domain; the behavior associated with the defense of home territory, a part kept open for foreign trade according to the terms of a treaty, a state in which the central government dictates the degree of local or regional autonomy and the nature of local governmental units; a country with few cultural conflicts and with a strong sense of national identity, granting women a statuary right or privilege, GLY2100 Historical Geology - Exam 3 Vocab, GLY2100 Historical Geology - Exam 2 Vocab, GLY2100 Historical Geology - Exam 1 Vocab, World History and Geography: Modern Times, Tennessee World History and Geography Modern Times.