Last medically reviewed on January 5, 2021. Among women of reproductive age, the median urinary iodine concentration in NHANES 20072014 was 119 mcg/L [37]. It may also be found in grains and some fruits and vegetables. Tricyclic antidepressants and tetracyclic antidepressants, Hypothyroidism Should I take iodine supplements. For example, an analysis of 44 samples of nonfat milk found a range of 38 to 159 mcg per cup (with an average of 85 mcg/cup used for Table 2) [8]. These issues are of concern primarily for people living in areas prone to iodine deficiency [6]. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). Normal urinary iodine concentrations range between 100 and 200 micrograms per liter. USDA, FDA, and ODS-NIH Database for the Iodine Content of Common Foods Release 2.0. Later, they also measured the children's intelligence quotient (IQ) at age 8. 2010 Feb;24(1):29-38. 2007 Dec;10(12A):1571-1580. Iodine deficiency has multiple adverse effects on growth and development, and is the most common cause of preventable intellectual disability in the world [41]. Radiation-induced thyroid cancer Here are two high quality options that do. 2004;(2):CD003819. The 7 Best Prostate Health Supplements If you are eating a healthy, balanced, varied diet, you're . Prenatal supplements contain vastly different types and quantities of nutrients, but many do not contain iodine at all. Reduced educational outcomes persist into adolescence following mild iodine deficiency in utero, despite adequacy in childhood: 15-year follow-up of the gestational iodine cohort investigating auditory processing speed and working memory [published correction appears in Nutrients. To accommodate increased iodine needs during pregnancy and lactation, the iodine RDA is 220 mcg/day for pregnant women and 290 mcg/day for lactating women [2]. [, Council on Environmental Health, Rogan WJ, Paulson JA, Baum C, Brock-Utne AC, Brumberg HL, et al. Iodine sufficiency during pregnancy is extremely important for proper fetal development. [, Bath SC, Steer CD, Golding J, Emmett P, Rayman MP. Most people can meet their iodine needs through food sources. Consult a healthcare provider before taking any supplements. [, Pennington JA, Young BE. Iodine is important for thyroid function. information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with People living in these areas are at risk of iodine deficiency unless they consume iodized salt or foods produced outside the iodine-deficient area. Accessed Aug. 5, 2020. This is a fact sheet intended for health professionals. [, Melse-Boonstra A, Jaiswal N. Iodine deficiency in pregnancy, infancy and childhood and its consequences for brain development. As well as iodine, these drops contain organic vegetable glycerin and purified water. The Total Diet Study (TDS), an FDA monitoring program, provides estimated iodine intakes of the U.S. population [23]. WHO recommendations for these countries also include breastfeeding through 24 months of age, combined with complementary foods fortified with iodine for children between the ages of 724 months [7]. Iodine - Health Professional Fact Sheet - National Institutes of Health Infants who are exclusively breastfed depend on maternal iodine sufficiency for optimal development. Learn about symptoms and treament. If they do use iodized salt, they must list the salt as iodized in the ingredient list on the food label [9]. Limits foods and beverages higher in added sugars, saturated fat, and sodium. Promoting thyroid health. [, Knig F, Andersson M, Hotz K, Aeberli I, Zimmermann MB. Each of their supplements is tested for purity and potency an average of six times before its sent to market.Keep in mind that this supplement contains about 2% of the RDI of calcium. According to 2019 data from the USDA Branded Food Products Database, approximately 20% of ingredient labels for white bread, whole-wheat bread, hamburger buns, and hot dog buns listed iodate [13]. about your interest in, questions about, or use of dietary supplements and what may be best for your overall health. You can't produce it independently and must ingest it through your diet or as a supplement. Thyroid hormones have the following functions in the body: For the most part, people take iodine to prevent or treat iodine deficiency, which can cause problems with fetal development, cognitive function, and thyroid function. [, Poulsen E. Case study: erythrosine. Manufacturers list dough conditioners as an ingredient on product labels but are not required to include iodine on the Nutrition Facts label [12], even though these conditioners provide a substantial amount of iodine. AACE Clinical Case Reports 2015;1:e40-e44. Based on reported infant iodine needs and the typical volume of breast milk consumed, the authors calculated that 47% of the women may have been providing their infants breast milk containing insufficient amounts of iodine. Through the TDS program, foods that represent the average U.S. diet are purchased and analyzed for several components, including iodine. Pearce EN. Thyroid disease: Can it affect a person's mood? Hypothyroidism: Should I take iodine supplements? - Mayo Clinic Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? Only 1 left! That's more than twice as much as most adults need each day. Iodine: Fact sheet for consumers. 2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK. An iodine solution is a topical iodine preparation that sterilizes the skin to prevent infection. Many researchers, as well as the American Thyroid Association, stress the importance of continued iodine status monitoring among women of reproductive age [1,4,32,38,56,70,71]. For example, it appears to play a role in immune response and might have a beneficial effect on mammary dysplasia and fibrocystic breast disease [2]. 2019 Jun 05;11(6):], A randomized controlled multicenter trial of an investigational liquid nutritional formula in women with cyclic breast pain associated with fibrocystic breast changes, Iodide prophylaxis in Poland after the Chernobyl reactor accident: benefits and risks, Potassium iodide as a thyroid blocking agent in radiation emergencies, Hypothyroidism in children and adolescents, Adverse reactions to iodinated contrast media, Radioactive Iodine (Radioiodine) Therapy for Thyroid Cancer, Regulate activity of enzymes (proteins that create chemical reactions in the body), Those with marginal iodine status who eat, 110 micrograms (mcg) per day for infants birth-6 months, 150 mcg per day for adults and teens over 14. 1,100 mcg for all adults, including those who are pregnant and lactating. Iodine may have other physiological functions in the body as well. KI and radioactive iodine are both types of iodine. [, Ershow AG, Skeaff SA, Merkel JM, Pehrsson PR. 2010 Oct;26(10):963-8. Dr. Moawad regularly writes and edits health and career content for medical books and publications. Lugols Oral: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures - WebMD For example, one 3-ounce serving of cod contains about 158 mcg of iodine, and one serving of seaweed contains about 116 mcg of iodine. New research has found that nutrients obtained from food, not supplements, correlate with lower risks of all-cause mortality and cancer. The DV for iodine is 150 mcg for adults and children aged 4 years and older [12]. Therefore, anybody taking iodine supplements must adhere to the appropriate dosage. $27.99. Public Health Nutr. Can eating salty foods cause iodine toxicity? Iodine is an essential part of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) made by your thyroid gland. Here are 7 science-backed benefits of eating. The Best Iodine Tablets iOSAT Potassium Iodide Tablets Effective, Easy Doses, and Well Packaged Keeping thyroid radiation protection simple, this blister pack has been the go-to for radiation emergency responders around the globe for decades. Prevention and control of iodine deficiency in pregnant and lactating women and in children less than 2-years-old: conclusions and recommendations of the Technical Consultation. Two randomized clinical trials had a similar study design in which iodine was provided from early pregnancy to delivery (150 or 200 mcg/day iodine as potassium iodide) and assessed child cognition using the same tool at ages 1.5 or 2 years [60,61]. Learn more about what foods to eat for iodine. 2009 Nov;90(5):1264-1271. Sufficient iodine intake after birth is also important for proper physical and neurological growth and maturation. Good dietary sources of iodine include iodized salt; dairy products (animals secrete dietary iodine into milk and animal feed contains iodine); and seafood including fish, shellfish, seaweed, kelp, sardines and canned tuna. privacy practices. That's a noncancerous condition that happens to some women around the time of their period. These values have essentially remained unchanged in the last three NHANES surveys, indicating that the dietary iodine intake of the general U.S. population has remained stable since 2000 [36]. Iodine supplementation for pregnancy and lactation-United States and Canada: recommendations of the American Thyroid Association. The company also advises not using the product with some antidepressant medications due to drug interactions. If so, verify that the dose is exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Both of these hormones contain iodide (a form of iodine). Your thyroid gland plays a critical role in producing hormones that regulate growth and metabolism throughout your life. Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening emergency that can occur without warning due to exposure to an allergen. 3,491. For example, in 1993, the American Journal of Medicine published a study examining the benefits and risks of iodide supplements in Poland following the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear power plant meltdown. Is there a risk of rhabdomyolysis from statins? other information we have about you. General price ranges with dollar signs ($ to $$$) are indicated below. The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped organ in your neck that produces hormones that regulate bodily activities, like metabolism (the conversion of food to energy). [. This medication contains iodine and potassium iodide. However, because spot samples are not a suitable indicator of individual iodine status [30], these measurements cannot be used to diagnose individual cases of iodine deficiency nor to identify the proportion of a population with iodine deficiency or with excessive iodine intakes [31]. They do not apply to people taking iodine under a doctors care. International efforts since the early 1990s have dramatically reduced the incidence of iodine deficiency worldwide, but some groups of people are still at risk of inadequate iodine intake. Review/update the Iodine is naturally found in a variety of foods, such as seafood, dairy products, eggs, and seaweed. High intakes of iodine can cause some of the same symptoms as iodine deficiencyincluding goiter, elevated TSH levels, and hypothyroidismbecause excess iodine in susceptible individuals inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis and thereby increases TSH stimulation, which can produce goiter [2,81]. Iodine deficiency disorders result from inadequate thyroid hormone production secondary to insufficient iodine [5]. Production of T4 increases by approximately 50% during pregnancy [53], requiring a concomitant increase in maternal iodine intake. In dietary supplements, iodine is often present as potassium iodide or sodium iodide [20]. Thyroid function is important for metabolism. Some iodine supplements are also sourced from kelp (seaweed). It depends on many factors, such as the dosage and the severity of a persons iodine deficiency. Risks. Iodine status of the U.S. population, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004. Fish and seaweed are the foods richest in iodine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Aug;140(8):1489-1494. The effect of iodine supplementation in pregnancy on early childhood neurodevelopment and clinical outcomes: Results of an aborted randomised placebo-controlled trial. Toxicity is rare but can occur from consuming heavy doses (usually many grams) of iodine supplements. For example, in a 2018 study published in the Journal of Women's Health, researchers evaluated whether a nutritional supplement including iodine could decrease cyclical breast pain and nodules. Iodine in food and iodized salt is present in several chemical forms including sodium and potassium salts, inorganic iodine (I2), iodate, and iodide, the reduced form of iodine [4]. 2010;14(1):13-17. Pennington JAT, Schoen SA, Salmon GD, Young B, Johnson RD, Marts RW. Chronic iodine deficiency may be associated with an increased risk of the follicular form of thyroid cancer [45]. It is found in some foods, such as: Iodine is essential for creating and maintaining thyroid hormones. Uses of Iodine. Click here for an email preview. Plant-based beverages used as milk substitutes, such as soy and almond beverages, contain relatively small amounts of iodine. American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Natural remedies for depression: Are they effective? Iodine plays a vital role in thyroid health. [, Zimmermann MB. Patrick L. Iodine: deficiency and therapeutic considerations. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Mayo Clinic offers appointments in Arizona, Florida and Minnesota and at Mayo Clinic Health System locations. This variability affects the iodine content of meat and animal products because of its impact on the iodine content of foods that the animals consume [14]. In the absence of sufficient iodine, TSH levels remain elevated, leading to goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland that reflects the bodys attempt to trap more iodine from the circulation and produce thyroid hormones. Instead, the lack of iodine reduces the thyroid's ability to produce thyroid hormone, which can cause a range of symptoms, including low energy. For other uses of iodine for specific medical conditions, ask your doctor about the amount you need. However, consuming a supplement like iodine may have potential side effects. March 25, 2016. 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Then, researchers compared their children's standardized test scores in literacy and math when they were ages 89, 1011, 1213, and 1415 years. 2008 Jun;99 Suppl 3:S2-9. Iodine plays a key role in thyroid health. The median iodine content was 150 mcg per daily serving, with a range of 25 to 290 mcg; 25 of the 34 provided iodine as potassium iodide. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. Iodines - Walmart However, this concentration may differ depending on the manufacturer. The prevalence of iodine deficiency in women of reproductive age in the United States of America. Variability of iodine content in common commercially available edible seaweeds. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Price: $Each of Pure Encapsulations iodine capsules provides 225 mcg of iodine, or 150% of the Reference Daily Intake (RDI), in a highly absorbable form called potassium iodide.When it comes to quality, Pure Encapsulations is an industry leader. Last medically reviewed on October 28, 2022. Mild allergic reactions to iodine contrast materials include: Although rare, allergic reactions can also be severe. Our team thoroughly researches and evaluates the recommendations we make on our site. National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements. Because many U.S. households use iodized salt, TDS data likely underestimate the true iodine intake of most U.S. residents. Price: $$Peak Performances iodine supplement provides 150 mcg of iodine, or 100% of the RDI, sourced exclusively from organic kelp.Its vegan-friendly and free of most major allergens, including tree nuts, fish, shellfish, eggs, wheat, and gluten.No additives, fillers, or sweeteners are added to the supplement, and all of this companys products are third-party tested for purity, though the name of the testing company is not disclosed for proprietary reasons. 2004 Oct;14(10):836-841. Teas J, Pino S, Critchley A, Braverman LE. In addition, some people use iodine for fibrocystic breasts and to prevent thyroid cancer when exposed to radiation. However, even if supplements are third-party tested, that doesnt mean that they are necessarily safe for all people or effective in general. Since 50% more iodine is required during pregnancy to meet fetal developmental needs, some research has examined how iodine deficiency impacts fetal development. It may also be found in grains and some fruits and vegetables. If youre looking for a basic, high quality iodine supplement, look no further, as these are among the best on the market. When iodide enters the circulation, the thyroid gland concentrates it in appropriate amounts for thyroid hormone synthesis and most of the remaining amount is excreted in the urine [2]. If there are any specific ingredients youre avoiding, such as added sugar, animal products, artificial sweeteners, or allergens, always check the ingredient list before purchasing. Femi Aremu, PharmD, is a professional pharmacist with experience in clinical and community pharmacy. Products made without these conditioners contain very little iodine. Radioactive Iodine (Radioiodine) Therapy for Thyroid Cancer. Iodine supplements have the potential to interact with several types of medications. These intakes meet or exceed the EAR for all groups. Iodine rarely occurs as the element, but rather as a salt; for this reason, it is referred to as iodide and not iodine. They contain three forms of iodine: molecular iodine, sodium iodide, and potassium iodide. Iodine is also present in human breast milk [2,5] and infant formulas [8]. Iodine is an ingredient in contrast agents that a person may take before having an X-ray or computed tomography (CT scan). Iodine Supplements | Walgreens The Best Supplements for Healthy Digestion, How to Get the Protective Power of Vitamin K. It is secreted by the pituitary gland to control thyroid hormone production and secretion, thereby protecting the body from hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism [1]. Is it better to get nutrients from food or supplements? J Am Diet Assoc. Am J Med 1993;94:524-532. Most fruits and vegetables are poor sources of iodine, and the amounts they contain are affected by the iodine content of the soil, fertilizer use, and irrigation practices [2,10]. These capsules are vegan-friendly and gluten-free, according to the company. A person can choose a one-time purchase or choose a money-saving subscription. The ULs do not apply to individuals receiving iodine for medical treatment, but such individuals should be under the care of a physician [2]. [, Pearce EN, Bazrafshan HR, He X, Pino S, Braverman LE.