5 factors affecting political participation 5 factors affecting political participation

Factors affecting In addition, they felt marginalized inside the Jordanian society. Which of the following best explains how the organization can operate to influence. (2012), Jordanian womens political participation: legislative status and structural challenges, European Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. Many people take part in neighborhood, school, and religious associations. Political Participation Among Indigenous People cit., chapters 3, 4 and 5 respectively. This means that the engagement of the individual at the different levels of the political system is a must. It depends upon a variety of factors that influence it. WebFactors Influencing Political Participation: 1. More appropriately, determinants of political participation are those factors and forces that can affect or influence peoples participation in politics. 87 No. (2009), Studying oil, islam, and women as if political institutions mattered, Politics and Gender, Vol. Therefore, the present study focuses on the voting of students of Jordanian universities. Similarly, in Britain, there is a gender gap in political participation. Scholars have argued that socio-economic factors, such as the numbers of graduate women (Hillygus, 2005) and women's participation in the labor force outside An individuals sense of loyalty to a specific political party. 7, No. Some of them. This result was consistent with the studies of Atiyat (2017), Fitzgerald (2013), Taft (2014), Roth and Saunders (2019), which confirmed the low voting of females. Voter turnout depends on the type of election. Serving on a local governing or school board, volunteering in the community, and running for office are forms of participation that require significant time and energy. Psychological or cognitive traits:. Verba, S., Kay Lehman Schlozman, and Henry E. Brady, Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995). Americans are more likely to make a financial contribution to a cause or a candidate than to donate their time. (1997) attributed that to the lack of political interest of the females. A positive side effect of fundraising campaigns is that people are made aware of candidates and issues through appeals for money (Jacobson, 1997). The reasons of that choice are represented in: Samer (2017), Atiyat (2017), Dababneh (2012), Nahar (2012), Nahar and Humaidan (2013), Tillian (2011) emphasizis that these factors were the most important social and economic factors affecting political participation. Meanwhile, the political participation of youth, particularly in developing countries, plays a vital role in bringing political change. As a part of its instrumental functions, the party contacts and registers voters, selects party nominees, organizes campaign activities, mobilizes rallies to influence the electorate during elections to vote and at o her occasions to favour their programmes. The more the family income varies, the more the voting shifts in favor of high-income students. 16, pp. 1, pp. Political Participation Among Indigenous People However, young people participation in voting remained low (Dababneh, 2012, p. 215). There are many ways to advocate for a cause. They make use of new communications technologies to organize protests by forming groups on the Internet. Quantitative research method was used in this study. (2018), Youth political engagement in Australia and the United States: student councils and volunteer organizations as communities of practice, Journal of Social Science Education, Vol. To what extent an individual receives political stimuli to participate in political activities, depends on the political environment or the political setting in which he/she finds himself/herself. The main reason for voting in the elections according to gender was practicing the constitutional right. with (49.5 per cent) for males and (20.4 per cent) for females. In the USA, the turnout has been declining since 1972, especially in presidential elections. The protesters demanded many political and economic reforms. Factors Affecting Political Participation Among Pentecostal 109-122. 560-568. 11, pp. and policies? - International Republican Institute If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. By involving people in the affairs of the state, participation promotes stability and order in the system. The study relied on a purposive sample of 900 students, 300 students per university (150 males and 150 females). More voters were mobilized during this period of political upheaval in which people focused on issues of race relations, social welfare, and the Vietnam War (Piven & Cloward, 2000). (1997), Womens engagement in politics in the year of the woman, American Politics Quarterly, Vol. It concluded that democracy depends on political participation (Leigh, 2018, p. 7). Thus, the ratio of voting in the elections differed according to the difference between poor and rich people, where the ratio of voters who have wealth and enjoy social welfare is high. Methodology The process of democratization in Jordan began in 1989. Wolfinger, R. E. and Steven J. Rosenstone, Who Votes? In addition, they did not have Political orientation, and they did not care about party or civil society activities. 102 No. The present study focuses on four factors: gender, age, family income, and regional affiliation. Review of Economics and Political Science. In brief, political participation refers to all those activities which influence the decision-making process. (1995) noted that inequality in the distribution of incomes affects, political participation, such inequality makes the poor reluctant to vote in elections. Fifty-four people were killed and two thousand were wounded. In addition, they did not get high quality public services. Rakka twin peaks and voter registration CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. Leaders frequently are spammed with mass e-mails that are not from their constituents. Significant steps have been taken to make registration easier. In the context of responding to the question Have you ever voted in previous national or local elections? It was noted that male students were the most Jordanian university students voting in the elections with (66.2 per cent). What do you think is the best way for you to advance those causes? In terms of patient-reported outcomes after OWHTO, several preoperative factors, intraoperative procedures, and postoperative radiological parameters have been posited as candidate influencing factors. 1.1 Communication, Information, and the Media, 2.2 Creating and Ratifying the Constitution, 2.3 Constitutional Principles and Provisions, 2.4 The Constitution in the Information Age, 4.2 Religion, Speech, the Press, Assembly, and Petition, 4.3 Arms, Search and Seizure, Accusation, Punishment, Property, and Privacy, 4.4 Civil Liberties in the Information Age, 5.1 Civil War Amendments and African Americans, 5.2 Other Minorities, Women, Lesbians, Gay Men, and the Disabled, 6.3 Political Culture and Socialization in the Information Age, 7.4 Public Opinion in the Information Age, 8.5 Participation, Voting, and Social Movements in the Information Age, 9.3 Interest Groups and the Political System, 9.4 Interest Groups in the Information Age, 10.1 History of American Political Parties, 10.7 Political Parties in the Information Age, 11.7 Campaigns and Elections in the Information Age, 13.3 The Presidency in the Information Age, 14.2 Policymaking, Power, and Accountability in the Bureaucracy, 14.3 The Federal Bureaucracy in the Information Age, 16.4 Policymaking and Domestic Policies in the Information Age, 17.1 The Executive Branch Makes Foreign and Military Policies, 17.2 Influence from Congress and Outside Government, 17.3 The Major Foreign and National Security Policies, 17.5 Foreign and National Security Policies in the Information Age. It has been argued that there is a positive correlation between these two processes and the political participation. In the context of responding to the question Have you ever voted in previous national or local elections? It was noted that the number of students (Jordanians) was a total of (450) including (314) participated in the voting with (69.8 per cent) in the same category. Factors Taking part in the political processes which lead to the selection of political leaders or determine or influence public policy is generally known as political participation. Over 90 percent of Americans agree with the principle that citizens have a duty to vote (Flanigan & Zingale, 1999). The study population contained three Jordanian universities. WebIn particular, the level of criminal violence greatly impacts 1) citizens decision to participate politi- cally, 2) their forms of participation, and 3) the logic of their vote choice. Myron Weiner (1962) restricts his definition to voluntary actionthe activity which is designed by the actor himself to influence governmental decision-making. Americans followed the riots surrounding the contested presidential election in Iran in 2009 on Twitter, as observers posted unfiltered, graphic details as the violent event unfolded. Thus, there was a difference in the ratio of voting of the Jordanian public universities students in the national and local elections according to the regional affiliation. Cohen, C.J. Brady et al. RTV registered over 2 million new voters in 1992, 80 percent of whom cast a ballot, and signed up over 2.5 million voters in 2008. Moreover, it was known that in some countries, such as Jordan, Palestinian refugees have been granted the Jordanian nationality. Voter turnout levels have hovered around 40 percent in the past three midterm elections. (8) of 1974 was issued to change the political life for Jordanian women. Have you ever voted in previous national or local elections? The study concluded that, Although the democratic transition and the subsequent constitutional and legal amendments in Jordan, which gave women equal rights with men, and allowing engagement in political parties and civil activities, there was a gap in the voting of Jordanian university students in national and local elections due to some demographic factors (gender and age), economic factors (family income) and some social factors (regional affiliation). To ensure representation of women in Parliament, a quota of 15 seats was allocated for women in the 2016 Parliament, To promote the empowerment of Jordanian women by granting them more social, economic and political rights, and supporting their political participation (Atiyat, 2017, p. 109). Turnout for the 2010 midterm election was 41.6 percent, compared with 41.4 percent in 2006 and 40.5 percent in 2002 (McDonald). 121-133. Some people may refuse to say the pledge of allegiance to express their dissatisfaction with government. Increasingly people are participating in politics via the media, especially the Internet. 1. It is a term applied to various types of activities ranging from political orientations, attitude, knowledge, interest in politics, identification with a political unit (political party or its any wing) to taking active part in political action such as rally, demonstration, strike or campaigning for voting in elections. Moreover, after the Arab revolutions in late 2010 and early 2011, and Jordanian peaceful demonstrations and protests, the political leadership allowed more constitutional and legal amendments, which strengthened the political participation of all segments of people including Jordanian young people, particularly women (Mohammad, 2017, p. 2). Fitzgerald (2013), Taft (2014) pointed out that women in American society are less engaged in politics than men. 362-385. It can be concluded that: The more the age varies, the more voting in the elections differs in favor of older students. CBS News Report on the Rodney King Incident. Finally, the voting gap in the elections was due to political, social, economic reasons such as ineffectiveness of the national and local councils' performance, inefficiency of candidates of these councils, political alienation, the difficulty to access public services, inequality in distribution of income, absence of political socialization, the feeling of inequality with men in education and employment. American Government and Politics in the Information Age by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Those who give money are more likely to gain access to candidates when they are in office. Results show that only the intrinsic motivation has a significant impact to the political participation of the SK officials. This interest might take various forms such as support, rejection, protest or demonstration, etc. In such activities they join hands with other people of the society to influence the actions of the government. A 2012 study from Harvard, Brown and the University of Missouri-Kansas City, The Impact of Race and Ethnicity, Immigration and Political Context on Participation in Pyeatt and Yanus (2018) concluded that these reasons reflected the low and limited participation of women in political issues, political parties, and civil organizations. Content Filtrations 6. Cf. Organizing a demonstration, protesting, and even rioting are other forms of participation (Milbrath & Goel, 1977). Moreover, political participation is a legitimate right for all citizens, their choice of the members of the government and the decision makers would influence their actions (Verba and Nie, 1978, p. 1). 1, pp. The present study focuses on money (income). WebThere are many social factors that affect the political attitude and behavior of the individual in this frame. Even activities that on the surface do not seem to have much to do with politics can be a form of political participation. If so, you are taking part in civil society, the community of individuals who volunteer and work cooperatively outside of formal governmental institutions (Eberly, 1998). A high-level overview of the processes by which individuals develop political values and beliefs. The more educated are better able to transmit their political interest and knowledge to their children and to the people of their neighbourhood. Maybe you coach a little league team, visit seniors at a nursing home, or work at a homeless shelter. (2012), The impact of political parties on the 2007 Jordanian parliamentary elections, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol. Today, students demonstrate to draw attention to causes. Lawless, J.L. In addition, the questionnaire included two section, the first is related to the four factors: Gender (malefemale), Age (8-22years old - 23-30years old), Family Income (less than 500 dinar- 500 less than 700 dinar more than 700 dinar), and regional affiliation (Jordanian Origin - Palestinian Origin). They pointed out that the political participation of females has always been less than males. In addition, unemployment high rate of female makes them reluctant to vote in elections (Roth and Saunders, 2019, p. 574). 97-107. The quantitative research was used in this study. Rock the Vote (RTV), a nonpartisan youth mobilization organization, established the first online voter registration initiative in 1992 with official backing from the Congressional Internet Caucus. So, the voting was in favor of male students. Three factors seem to affect political participation among Native Americans a history of violent conflict and deep distrust of federal, state, and local actors ( Peterson 1997 ), a widely dispersed population ( Herrick and Mendez 2019 ), and few federal, state, or local officials representing tribal interests ( Schroedel and Aslanian 2017 ). These characteristics influence how individuals tend to vote and whether they identify with a political party. Although all changes and amendments in Jordan, there was a reluctance of young people, particularly the university students to vote in the national and local elections (Al-Mohammad, 2017, p. 2). 7 No. In the same context, Pyeatt and Yanus (2018) asserted that the difference in regional affiliation affected the political orientations of individuals. These universities do not represent all segments of Jordanian society. Alelaimat, M.S. What political causes do you care the most about? Roth, S. and Saunders, C. (2019), Gender differences in political participation: comparing street demonstrators in Sweden and the United Kingdom, Journal of Sociology, Vol. The edited video showing the beating of King told a different story of police brutality and was the basis of much controversy. Political participation is recently one of the important political topics, as it shows the citizens' interest in political issues within their society. Berikut faktor-faktornya: 1. A unique and special political act, voting allows for the views of more people to be represented than any other activity. Among the forms of political participation, the present study focuses on voting as a traditional form of political participation and the most prominent form that can be observed and measured during elections by monitoring the numbers of voters. This, in turn, affected women's political aspirations and supported their sense of marginalization and lack of their equality with men. The more the gender varies, the more the voting shifts in favor of males students. A large number of elections are held in the United States every year, including local elections, elections for county and statewide offices, primaries, and general elections. Racial tensions sparked by a video of police beating Rodney King in 1991 and the subsequent acquittal of the officers at trial resulted in the worst riots ever experienced in Los Angeles. This ratio of the female students is less than that of male students. Gender equality in political participation is a fundamental aspect of modern democratic governance. It acts as a powerful reference group in its own right. People also can take part in support activities, more passive forms of political involvement. can these political beliefs be made but can be stolen if suggested by the opposite sex(Woman suggests man takes idea as his own)? Disclaimer 9. Young voters are less likely to turn out in midterm elections than older citizens. 3 No. Pyeatt and Yanus (2018) have also concluded that the difference of regions within the same country and the ethnic or racial diversity affect voting in elections. Some Palestinians have lived in Jordan since 1947 and 1967, they were granted the Jordanian nationality and the right to vote in the elections. For example, political participation includes People take part in support activities on behalf of a cause, which can lead to greater involvement. The more the regional affiliation varies, the more the voting shifts in favor of Jordanians students. 84-94. They can use social networking sites, like Facebook, to recruit supporters, enlist volunteers for campaign events, or encourage friends to donate money to a candidate. (Nahar, 2012, p. 122). Motor voters success in increasing the ranks of registered voters differs by state depending on how well the program is publicized and executed. Although the political participation base expanded in Jordan, youth remained reluctant to participate in elections. Pyeatt, N. and Yanus, B. Seventeen percent of Americans contacted a public official in 1976. Direct mail appeals by single-issue groups for contributions aimed especially at more affluent Americans are targeted methods of mobilizing people. Factors Impeding Women's Political Participation- A Literature Review WebSocioeconomic characteristics of a population, including age, race, gender, religion, marital status, occupation, education level, and more. People can work in an election campaign, contact public officials, circulate a petition, join a political organization, and donate money to a candidate or a cause. Atiyat, F. (2017), Jordanian women participation in the parliamentary elections of 2016: field study in Albalqa governorate, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol. Only a small number of people, generally under one-quarter of those eligible, participate in local, county, and state elections. In Sweden, women's political participation increased as a result of women's engagement in the public sphere and demonstrations at the rate of 5.5 per cent contrary to the United Kingdom, where women's participation rate in demonstrations was (1.9 per cent) (Roth and Saunders, 2019, p. 572). of relevant theory and empirical research that provide insight related to the factors that cause voting behavior and their relations. 3, pp. It deepens the political awareness and increases the sense of political effectiveness. It provides citizens a sense of dignity and value, alerts both the rulers and the ruled to their duties and responsibilities and facilitates broader political understanding.