PDF LOCAL GOVERNMENT AUTONOMY IN NIGERIA - Global Academic Group The Nigerian government structure in one piece that every Nigerian citizen should know. The roles of a country's armed forces are entrenched in her constitution. Nigerian Government structure - Legit.ng A new constitution established a federal system with an elected prime minister and a ceremonial head of state. note: data are in current year dollars$72.178 billion (2020 est.) The Judiciary: This is headed by the Chief Justice of the country and various Judges of the court of appeal and high court. (male 3,635,334/female 4,123,030), total dependency ratio: 86youth dependency ratio: 80.6elderly dependency ratio: 5.5potential support ratio: 18 (2021 est. [32], In December 1983, the new Major General Muhammadu Buhari regime announced that Nigeria could no longer afford an activist anti-colonial role in Africa. Federalism is a system of government in which governmental powers that exists in a country are shared between central government and component region. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 16.95% (2021 est. Increase in the rate of crime in the country. PDF Local Government Autonomy in Nigeria: Politics and Challenges of The structure of military government in nigeria - lindoncpas.com At independence the country was divided into three regions: Northern, Eastern, and Western. The unicameral legislature is peculiar to each of the 36 states in Nigeria. It has also faced its share of ethnic, religious, and class differences which gave some dents in its structure. It can also be prevented through accountability and transparency on the part of politicians. STRUCTURE OF MILITARY RULE The Armed Forces Ruling Council: This consist of the Head of State and the Commander In- Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria, the Service Chiefs, Inspector General of Police, the Minister of Justice and Attorney General of the Federation and the Secretary to the military Government. The Nigerian Navy command structure today, consists of the Naval Headquarters in Abuja as well as three other operational commands with headquarters in Lagos, Calabar and Bayelsa. The Council of States: This was an innovation introduced by Murtala Mohammed. The legislature at the federal level is called the National Assembly of Nigeria. Military government freed 47 political prisoners including Gen. Oladipo Diya. )from petroleum and other liquids: 67.406 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. The army took control of the government in Ni-geria in two coups d'tat in 1966. It serves as check and balance on the executive and legislative branch of the Nigerian government structure. )carbon dioxide emissions: 120.37 megatons (2016 est. ), municipal: 5 billion cubic meters (2017 est. The whole of Nigeria was interrupted with his speech on the radio when he began by saying:In the name of the Supreme Council of the Revolution of the Nigerian Armed Forces, I declare martial law over the Northern Provinces of Nigeria. The president appoints his ministers; and these ministers make up his cabinet. )-$15.986 billion (2020 est. The Chief Justice is appointed by the president, and cannot be removed from office except by death, retirement (at age 70), or by impeachment by the Senate. The masses should be given political education so as to be able to fight for their right when it is being infringed upon. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. President Muhammadu Buhari's over-due reforms aren't yet enough to turn an under-resourced, over-stretched and corrupt army back into a professional force. Emblem of the Nigerian Armed Forces by service branches. The House of Representative is made of 360 members who are elected in single member constituencies. Nigeria is a republic with a federal democracy and an executive president. [28] It flies transport, trainer, helicopter, and fighter aircraft. The Nigerian government structure is made up of its 3 levels, and 3 arms of government, and leadership structure. After these failed coups, there was an alleged coup attempt but it seemed the government of Babangida at this point had decided to concede to the pressure of handover. In ancient and pre-colonial times, the area of present-day Nigeria was occupied by a great diversity of ethnic groups with different languages and traditions. Nigeria - Government and society | Britannica )wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Lets the do the maths, we have 36 states in Nigeria, these states have 3 senatorial districts each and a senator is elected from each senatorial district, making 36 x 3 = 108 senatorial districts = 108 senators. Obasanjo, quoted in Herbert M. Howe, Ambiguous Order: Military Forces in African States, Lynne Rienner, Boulder/London, 2001, p.54. )permanent crops: 7.4% (2018 est. Local government must be administered by democratically elected officials. National and state elections in 2011 and 2015 were generally regarded as credible. The Council of Ministers: This consists of the President, Vice President and the ministers some of whom were military officers, while others were politicians. It is also defined as the system of government in which governmental powers are shared between the central government, i.e. Nigeria's Disputed Presidential Election Results, Explained | Time ), number of registered air carriers: 13 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 104annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 8,169,192 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 19.42 million (2018) mt-km, total: 40over 3,047 m: 102,438 to 3,047 m: 121,524 to 2,437 m: 9914 to 1,523 m: 6under 914 m: 3 (2021), total: 141,524 to 2,437 m: 2914 to 1,523 m: 9under 914 m: 3 (2021), 124 km condensate, 4,045 km gas, 164 km liquid petroleum gas, 4,441 km oil, 3,940 km refined products (2013), total: 3,798 km (2014)standard gauge: 293 km (2014) 1.435-m gaugenarrow gauge: 3,505 km (2014) 1.067-m gaugenote: as of the end of 2018, there were only six operational locomotives in Nigeria primarily used for passenger service; the majority of the rail lines are in a severe state of disrepair and need to be replaced, total: 195,000 km (2017)paved: 60,000 km (2017)unpaved: 135,000 km (2017), 8,600 km (2011) (Niger and Benue Rivers and smaller rivers and creeks), total: 791by type: general cargo 14, oil tanker 110, other 667 (2021), major seaport(s): Bonny Inshore Terminal, Calabar, Lagosoil terminal(s): Bonny Terminal, Brass Terminal, Escravos Terminal, Forcados Terminal, Pennington Terminal, Qua Iboe TerminalLNG terminal(s) (export): Bonny Island, Nigerian Armed Forces: Army, Navy (includes Coast Guard), Air Force; Ministry of Interior: Nigeria Security and Civil Defense Corps (NSCDC) (2022)note 1: the NSCDC a paramilitary agency commissioned to assist the military in the management of threats to internal security, including attacks and natural disastersnote 2: some states have created local security forces in response to increased violence, insecurity, and criminality that have exceeded the response capacity of government security forces, 0.7% of GDP (2021 est. ), production: 44,000 metric tons (2020 est. Nigeria, my country, blessed with the best brains and rains to grow our grains, operating a democratic system that guarantees political freedom, equality of citizenship, and more.. The governor is the Chief pilot of the state plane, and has the power to appoint the rest of his cabin crew, which are the commissioners and advisers (unlike the federal level where they are called ministers). The Army has demonstrated its capability to mobilize, deploy, and sustain brigade-sized forces in support of peacekeeping operations in Liberia. Perhaps democracy derives power from the base of the pyramid - from the people over there. It has seen its changes to military regime to democracy era, including the good and bad sides of these regimes. Nigerian Government and Politics: A Brief Overview )services: 56.4% (2017 est. [14][15], In spite of these challenges to its operational readiness, the Nigerian Armed Forces have committed to a number of wide-ranging modernization programs to bolster the discipline and firepower of its troops. )13.25% (2020 est. Provision of security to its citizens lives and properties. Organizing and providing relevant educational content, resources and information for students. )19.6% of GDP (2016 est. The defence of the territorial integrity and other core interests of the nation, form the major substance of such roles. )$22.755 billion (2018 est. Federal Republic of Nigeria | Encyclopedia.com The Nigerian government structure has been resilient; it has jumped back on its feet and modified itself from past experiences. Its decrees could not be challenged in any law court. )percent of population: 36% (2020 est. National Mass Media Commission; 5. There were 9 casualties as a result of this attempt. The NCNC, now headed by Azikiwe (who had taken control after Macaulay's death in 1946), formed a coalition with Balewa's NPC after neither party won a majority in the 1959 elections. "The Politics of Nigerian Foreign Policy: The Ratification and Renunciation of the Anglo-Nigerian Defence Agreement." Nigeria has continued a strict policy of diversification in her military procurement from various countries. March 4: Today in Nigeria history, Oladipo Diya and 46 political Nigeria: The Challenge of Military Reform | Crisis Group )$1.014 trillion (2020 est. [31] JTF HQ is located at Yenagoa. It includes bodies such as: The Federal Capital Territory is administered only by the federal government. These quick successions of coup would later serve as the foundation for the civil war. subvert labour movement activities in Nigeria; that is, Military government demoralize union right, Problems of internal democracy is a threat to trade . Related: Nigerian Government revenue allocation and sharing formula. The federal executive arm, legislative arm and also the judiciary are the components in the Nigerian government structure that collectively work together to help achieve a flawless federal system. Fundamental human rights should be respected by everybody in the country especially the politicians and military. It starts with the three tiers of government in Nigeria. Likewise, Nigeria has been engaged in a long-running anti-piracy campaign in the Niger Delta, which has threatened the vital petroleum industry in the country, which is the source of 90% of Nigeria's exports and 35% of the government's revenue. Nonetheless, Ibrahim Babangida handed over to a civilian government which was headed by Chief Ernest Shonekan on the 26thof August, 1993. Regionalism was introduced to the Nigeria system by the Richards Constitution. Discuss the reasons why the military involve in politics. Nigeria is a federal presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is both head of state and head of government, and of a multiparty system. )crude oil estimated reserves: 36.89 billion barrels (2021 est. ADERIBIGBE/Benedict Elide ODIASEnote: adopted 1978; lyrics are a mixture of the five top entries in a national contest, total World Heritage Sites: 2 (both cultural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Sukur Cultural Landscape; Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove, one of the largest West African economies; oil-dependent exports, revenues, and credit; COVID-19 and oil price shocks have resulted in slowing growth, high inflation, increasing unemployment; frequent disruptions due to political instability, especially in the north, $1.05 trillion (2021 est. Every state produces 3 senators, which are elected, from their 3 senatorial districts. The State House of Assembly consists of representatives from all local government areas within that state. Also, there had been growing unrest among the ranks in military due to some reasons which will be mentioned later. Before January 1966, the various regions in Nigeria had different system of governments, at the grassroot level. The state governments receive more than half their money from federal government and also collects taxes. ECOWAS, Promotion of National Integration e.g.NYSC, Change of driving pattern from Left to Right, Was responsible for the Nigeria Civil war, There was absence of independence of the Judiciary, Mismanagement and wastage of public funds, Inability to conduct reliable and acceptable census, The Structure of Military Rule in Nigeria, LESSON NOTE ON JSS2 BASIC SCIENCE FOR THIRD TERM, THIRD TERM SCHEME OF WORK FOR JSS2 BASIC SCIENCE LESSON NOTE, LESSON NOTE ON JSS2 MATHEMATICS FOR THIRD TERM, THIRD TERM SCHEME OF WORK FOR JSS2 MATHEMATICS LESSON NOTE, LESSON NOTE ON JSS1 MATHEMATICS FOR THIRD TERM, THIRD TERM SCHEME OF WORK FOR JSS1 MATHEMATICS LESSON NOTE. In doing so, it played an appreciable part in reinforcing the military's nearly first-among-equals status within Nigerian society, and the linked decline in military effectiveness. Nigerian Army Education Corps and School, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 16:09. Structure And Weaknesses Of Military Rule In Nigeria document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Passnownow.com digitally democratizes access to education content for Nigerian Students and Teachers. You may want to know about best law firms for legal services. No matter how diligent a company headquarter is, it cannot reach all corners in the nation, so it creates divisions to oversee activities at various levels in a bid to attain efficient administration. )tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. It is the legislative branch at the state level of the Nigerian government structure. [38] Nigeria has contributed more than 20,000 troops/police to various UN missions since 1960. These divisions are referred to as the 3 tiers of government and the Nigerian government is divided into three levels which include: Now, lets quickly talk about these three tiers of government in Nigeria. Nigeria held a successful democratic election in 1999 which led to the election of Olusegun Obasanjo as the President on the 29thof May 1999. Politicians should learn how to avoid ethnic politics in order not to attract military rule. )$4,900 (2020 est. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The Nigerian Navy is currently headed by Vice Admiral Awwal Zubairu Gambo.[27]. Like, comment, and share, Wow, very detailed, very good work. Interestingly, the Ernest Shonekan led administration had been set up as an interim government due to pressures on the Babangida led administration from both international and local quarters. In summary, we use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. The governor assigns public responsibilities to his commissioners and advisers, to help in serving the state better. This happened on the 15thof January 1966 and that marked the beginning of military rule in the country. "[22], Training establishments in Nigeria include the prestigious officer entry: Nigerian Defence Academy at Kaduna, the Armed Forces Command and Staff College, Jaji, and the National War College at Abuja. The Chief Justice of Nigeria also presides over the National Judicial Council, an executive body established by the Nigerian federal government to protect the judiciary branch from the influence of the executive branch. ), 9.79% (2021 est. In 1999, a new constitution was adopted and a peaceful transition to civilian government was completed. )consumption: 18,787,602,000 cubic meters (2019 est. Since then, in its top-level positions, the country has been ruled by military or police officers, with one solitary civilian governor in the Ibo East Central State. B. It )refined petroleum consumption: 483,100 bbl/day (2019 est. The Nigerian army is headed currently by Major General Farouk Yahaya, who was appointed by President Muhammadu Buhari. Shortly after its formation, the NAF was engaged in combat operations against the secessionist state of Biafra, during the Nigerian Civil War from 1967 to 1970. These trends in the development of the armed forces as a fighting force, as well as efforts to combat corruption within the ranks of military personnel and government bureaucracy, have been critically important in the ability of Nigeria to confront challenges to its national security and stability in the wider region of West Africa as a whole. structure of military government in nigeria. Section 217-220 of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria thus addresses the Nigerian Armed Forces: The Nigerian Army (NA) is the land branch of the Nigerian Armed Forces and the largest among the armed forces. The military history of Nigeria since the colonial rule began precisely on the 1stOctober 1966. It can be prevented if elected officials are responsive to the yearnings of the people. It can be prevented if politicians learn to avoid mismanagement of public funds. The Senate is presided over by a chairman, elected by indirect voting. [7], The Nigerian Armed Forces were established in 1960 as the successor to the combat units of the Royal West African Frontier Force stationed in the country, which had previously served as the British Empire's multi-battalion field force, during Nigeria's protectorate period. This led to the counter coup led by Muritala Muhammad. roads, airports, railways etc, Encouragement of regional cooperation e.g. Cookies are small files that are stored on your browser. Control and regulation of shops, restaurants, kiosks, and other venues for sales of food. In 2007, the Air Force had a strength of 10,000. Obasanjo had successfully handed over to Alhaji Shehu Shagari in 1979 but he was overthrown in the 31 st December 1983 by the General Muhammad Buhari. )note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49, 917 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. The Nigerian Government Structure Explained - Oasdom All names, acronyms, logos and trademarks displayed on this website are those of their respective owners. Military rule in Nigeria first started on January 15, 1966, when a group or army officers overthrew the NPC-NNDP government and killed many of the country's political rulers. Creation of employment opportunities, and friendly environment for businesses to grow. It was an advisory body to the S.M.C./A.F.R.C. ), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 62%male: 71.3%female: 52.7% (2018), total: 19.6%male: 19.8% NAfemale: 19.4% (2021 est.) )forest: 9.5% (2018 est. However, these plotters were eventually subdued. Nigeria is a Rentier state. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 99 (2020 est. (b) maintaining its territorial integrity and securing its borders from violation on land, sea, or air; (c) suppress insurrection and act in aid of civil authorities to restore order, when called upon to do so by the President, but subject to such conditions as may be prescribed by an Act of the National Assembly; and. The coup plotters went on to elect Lt Colonel Yakubu Gowon as the new head of State. It was adopted in its original form May 29 1999 in Abuja at the dawn of the Nigerian fourth republic. Get on our mailing list. Altogether 38 soldiers and 1 civilian were executed by firing squad as a result of their involvement in this coup. Lesson notes Finally in 1998, General Sani Abacha died in power as a result of a heart attack and this eventually signalled the end of military rule. Military rule in Nigeria first started on January 15, 1966, when a group or army officers overthrew the NPC-NNDP government and killed many of the countrys political rulers. Most members of the SMC under Gowon were state governors. Be the first to know about new content and opportunities, Reasons for Military Intervention In Nigeria, The Structure of Military Rule in Nigeria, The Weakness or Failure of Military Regime in Nigeria, The Military is hierarchical and centralised, It monopolises the instruments of violence, There is fusion of the executive and legislative arms of the Government, Involvement of civilians in the administration, Discipline and obedience to higher commands, Disputes over 1962 and 1963 census results, Allegation of corruption, nepotism etc among politicians, Low level of honest and reliable leadership, The Supreme Military Council (SMC); the Armed Forces Ruling Council (AFRC), Infrastructural developments e.g. Also, 3 soldiers were kidnapped in the course of the coup. ), degree of risk: very high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow feverwater contact diseases: leptospirosis and schistosomiasisanimal contact diseases: rabiesrespiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitisaerosolized dust or soil contact diseases: Lassa fevernote 1: on 4 May 2022, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a Travel Health Notice for a Yellow Fever outbreak in Nigeria; a large, ongoing outbreak of yellow fever in Nigeria began in September 2017; the outbreak is now spread throughout the country with the Nigerian Ministry of Health reporting cases of the disease in multiple states (Bauchi, Benue, Delta, Ebonyi, and Enugu); the CDC recommends travelers going to Nigeria should receive vaccination against yellow fever at least 10 days before travel and should take steps to prevent mosquito bites while there; those never vaccinated against yellow fever should avoid travel to Nigeria during the outbreaknote 2: widespread ongoing transmission of a respiratory illness caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is occurring throughout Nigeria; as of 9 December 2022, Nigeria has reported a total of 266,283 cases of COVID-19 or 129.17 cumulative cases of COVID-19 per 100,000 population with a total of 3,155 cumulative deaths or a rate of 1.53 cumulative death per 100,000 population; as of 13 November 2022, 29.28% of the population has received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine note 3: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Nigeria is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an infected person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine, total: 4.49 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.