Transcribed by Reclaim The Net. Similarly, significant agreement between metabolite concentration and enzyme expression profiles was seen on the macaque evolutionary lineage for tissues containing large numbers of macaque-specific metabolic changes: V1, kidney, cerebral cortex, whole brain, and skeletal muscle. Yes In all tissues the correlations between concentration profiles measured by different technologies is significantly higher than expected by chance (Wilcoxon test, p<0.001). Every waking moment his . 31-year old Jason Dunn lives with Dystonia, a rare disorder that causes his brain to send faulty messages to his muscular system. Their homes are extraordinary. Transcripts are generated using a combination of speech recognition software and human transcribers, and may contain errors. Liam Hoekstra, 3, has a rare genetic condition called myostatin-related muscle hypertrophy, which increases his muscle mass and reduces his body fat. The variation found in the chimpanzee individuals was compared with variation previously measured in humans using the same methodology [19]. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany, Affiliation Neurons are found in both the central and peripheral nervous systems The axon of the neuron contains the nucleus All neurons have myelin sheaths Dendrites, Which statement is true regarding the skeletal system? This documentary investigates the world of muscles, how they work, the science behind muscles, and much more, taking you on a journey inside the body of two remarkable people. In the pathway-based analysis (i) we tested both the overrepresentation of pathway enzymes with a corresponding expression profile, as well as pathway enzymes with a corresponding expression profile directly linked to the pathway metabolites with species-specific concentration profile or belonging to a tissue-specific cluster. How many muscles did the video says the body uses just to take a single step? extraordinary humans muscles transcriptwhat happened to mekhi brown. Updates? Human-specific metabolic divergence in the V1 cortical region and kidney was similar to chimpanzee-specific divergence in these tissues and could be predicted from regression fit of metabolic divergence based on phylogenetic divergence times of the three nonhuman species (Figure 3a). In his new book, The Unseen Body, Dr. Jonathan Reisman offers a guided tour inside the human body, from the remarkable design of our organs . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001871.s018. Gospe et al. Variation in fiber-type composition observed among chimpanzees was, however, indistinguishable from that observed among humans [19]. Distinct membranous expression in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Ami Ankileweitz has Spinal Muscle Atrophy, a genetic disorder that has caused his muscles to wither away. Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan, Affiliation Four serial 10 mm-thick sections were cut at 30C, preincubated at pH 4.37, 4.6, and 10.3 and stained for myofibrillar ATPase reactions at pH 9.4 [36]. Here, we assessed concentrations of more than 10,000 metabolites in three brain regions and two non-neural tissues (skeletal muscle and kidney) of humans, chimpanzees, macaque monkeys, and mice using mass spectrometry-based approaches. Extraordinary Humans: Muscles - YouTube $12.49 $ 12. Ligated products were then PCR-amplified (15 cycles). Alamogordo Primate Facility, Holloman AFB, Alamogordo, New Mexico, United States of America, Affiliation IMDb is the world's most popular and authoritative source for movie, TV and celebrity content. The phylogenetic tree above the bars shows the human (red) and chimpanzee (orange) evolutionary lineages, the lineage connecting the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees with macaques (gray), and the lineage connecting the common ancestor of humans, chimpanzees, and macaques with mice (blue). In each species, we examined metabolite concentrations in three brain regions, prefrontal cortex (PFC), primary visual cortex (V1), and cerebellar cortex (CBC), as well as in the kidney cortex and thigh skeletal muscle of 14 adult healthy individuals (Table S1). Below are 10 people from around the world with superhuman abilities that will blow your mind. The phylogenetic tree above the bars shows the human (red) and chimpanzee (orange) evolutionary lineages, as well as the lineage connecting the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees with macaques (gray). Metabolite concentration profiles within the clusters pictured in Figure 2a. Extraordinary Humans: Muscles Back. Bones 02. Author of. 8 Extraordinary World Records That Prove The Human Body And Mind Is Peak smoothing (nine data points) and alignment were performed within msPeak for each mass trace separately using peak spread and peak gap to neighboring peaks. working?For some people, their muscles are the PAGPAG - Garbage Chicken a grim staple for Manila's poor, America's Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918. Whereas normally to flex or extend there is one muscle that contracts and one that relaxes, of the nervous system are responsible for the misinformation that is delivered. The results suggest that, while humans are characterized by superior cognition, their muscular performance might be markedly inferior to that of chimpanzees and macaque monkeys. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001871.s008. Isoform identification and titin alternative splicing events in human skeletal muscle. Columns represent metabolites showing species-specific concentration profiles in PFC; rows represent KEGG pathways enriched in the respective metabolites. Bowtie2 reports up to two possible alignments for each read. Eventually, Fred was found guilty but . How can the various forms of dystonia occur? Extraordinary Humans: Muscles & Skin (DVD) - Yahoo Shopping Muscles are divided into three types: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal Smooth muscles are the involuntary muscles in your gut, blood vessels, and elsewhere that work without you consciously. PLOS Biology provides an Open Access platform to showcase your best research and commentary across all areas of biological science. Without the corset on, her waist comes in at a little over 53 centimeters. Percentage of peaks affected by postmortem delay among metabolic peaks in different datasets, as well as all peaks combined (ALL). The Human Contract (DVD, 2009) 43396305083 | eBay Extraordinary People is a television documentary series broadcast on Channel 5 in the United Kingdom. To assess the environmental effects on the measured metabolites, we collected samples of two additional groups of macaques fed a calorie-rich diet and exposed to limited physical activity. the documentary. In fact, human-specific metabolic divergence in the sampled thigh skeletal muscle (mainly vastus lateralis) and PFC exceeded average metabolic divergence seen in the mouse tissues. Reviewed by Emily Henderson, B.Sc. No, Is the Subject Area "Skeletal muscles" applicable to this article? Name:_____ Period:_____ Date:_____ Incredible Human Machine Video Worksheet Directions: Answer the following questions as you watch the movie. Muscular System - Muscles of the Human Body - Innerbody Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Section of Human Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Affiliation 1. extraordinary humans muscles transcript The Night That Lasted A Lifetime. Funding: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 31171232, 31250110071, Y23DC41301) and Ministry of Science and Technology of China (grant number 2012DFG31940), National Science Foundation (grant BCS-0824531) and James S. McDonnell Foundation (grants 22002078 and 220020293). The asterisks indicate the highest silhouette values observed for 19 clusters. This amazing video follows the lives of two extraordinary humans who suffer from rare muscular diseases and it describes the anatomy and physiology of the muscular system and what happens when this system doesn't work like it should. By combining metabolite concentration and gene expression measurements, we showed that pathways containing excess of tissue-specific metabolic profiles also showed significant over-representation of corresponding tissue-specific gene expression profiles in all 13 metabolite clusters (permutation p<0.05, Figure 2c). How it's possible for an ordinary person to lift a car - BBC Is the Subject Area "Macaque" applicable to this article? The third and perhaps most unexpected observation is a striking excess of human-specific metabolic divergence in skeletal muscle. The colors indicate proportions of peaks showing species-specific concentration changes on the human (red) and chimpanzee (orange) evolutionary lineages, as well as the lineage connecting the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees with macaques (gray), and the lineage connecting the common ancestor of humans, chimpanzees, and macaques with mice (blue). primary visual cortex. Numbers of metabolite peaks differentiating the control macaque monkeys from humans (human), chimpanzees (chimp. We're committed to providing the best documentaries from around the World. LC-MS peaks were aligned across samples according to Giavalisco et al. The numbers represent the percentage of overlapping metabolites among all metabolites detected in the dataset, with the ratio of human-specific to other species-specific metabolites among the overlapping ones in parentheses. Following this procedure, we obtained 24.1 M mapped reads per sample on average. What Darwin Never Knew NOVA | PBS PLoS Biol 12(5): https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001871.s027. Last year, she won the U.S. Indoor High Jumping Championship. The Table lists total numbers of sequenced reads and proportions of reads mapped to the genome, for each sample. So showcasing arts and culture and the talent. Describe 2 methods/techniques in which dystonia is treated. cerebellar cortex; CE-MS, 1 Apr. The Big Problem With Well-Endowed Men. All nonhuman primates used in this study suffered sudden deaths for reasons other than their participation in this study and without any relation to the tissue used. ANOVA was performed on all samples and on the samples of primates only (primate test). The second person is Ami Ankileweitz. Columns represent metabolites showing human-specific concentration profiles in these tissues. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001871.s001. Analyzed the data: KB YW JX DS. Twelve male macaque monkeys were used for this purpose. The Table lists: pathways names and IDs, pathway p-Values, numbers of pathway metabolites showing human-specific concentration profiles, numbers of enzymes showing human-specific expression profiles, numbers of pairs of directly linked enzymes and metabolites with human-specific and concentration level profiles, as well as p-Values indicating probabilities of finding equal or greater numbers of enzymes or linked enzymes in metabolites sets randomly sampled 100 times. No, Is the Subject Area "Metabolic pathways" applicable to this article? CNN's Clarissa Ward reports from Kharkiv. As a cutoff for a minimal level of expression of the analyzed genes, we selected the 5% quintile of all gene nonzero expression levels in all samples. List of peaks illustrated in Figure 3c. Tissue expression of DMD - Summary - The Human Protein Atlas Extraordinary velocity vector is a function. Get it as soon as Wednesday, Nov 16. By contrast, in the brain, PFC, and skeletal muscle, human-specific metabolic divergence exceeded chimpanzee-specific divergence by 4.0-, 4.2-, and 8.4-fold respectively. Our study provides several novel insights into the nature and the potential mechanisms of metabolic evolution. Studies demonstrating a connection between aerobic exercise and cognitive performance in humans of different age indicate that these two organs might be metabolically related [21]. a The previously reported classes of isoforms differ from each other by the inclusion/exclusion of exons 48 (included only in Novex3 isoform) and 49 (included in all the other isoforms except the long skeletal muscle N2A-isoform). PK was supported by the Foreign Expert 1000 Talents Plan program; KB was supported by a Chinese Academy of Sciences fellowship (2011Y1SB06). To further deepen our understanding of metabolite concentration changes accompanying recent human evolution, as well as to shed light on the general dynamics of metabolome evolution, we conducted a comprehensive metabolome survey across five tissues of humans, chimpanzees, rhesus monkeys, and laboratory mice based on over 10,000 metabolic compounds. Human Metabolome Database; IS, The anterior and middle scalene muscles, which also are located at the sides of the neck, act ipsilaterally to rotate the neck, as well as to elevate the first rib. Smooth muscle is under involuntary control and is found in the walls of blood vessels and of structures such as the urinary bladder, the intestines, and the stomach. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001871.s007. [page needed] The myocardium is the muscle tissue of the heart and forms a thick . Numbers of peaks showing significant concentration differences between control macaques and humans or chimpanzees were estimated using six randomly chosen human or chimpanzee individuals. Our data suggests that N2A isoform is 20 times more expressed than Novex3. (c) Heat map of relative metabolite concentration levels across three primate species. Empty symbols represent trials measured using the apparatus built in the Leipzig primate center, filled symbols those measured using the apparatus built in Shanghai. Multiple muscles in the back function specifically in movements of the back. Attached to the bones of the skeletal system are about 700 named muscles that make up roughly half of a person's body weight. The erector spinae muscles, for example, extend the back (bend it backward) and side bend the back. Second, we show that metabolite concentrations are largely buffered against environmental changes, such as temporary change in diet, physical activity, and living conditions. The upper panel is based on 1,535 annotated metabolite peaks, and the lower panel on 9,155 metabolite peaks that could not be annotated.
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